H1N1 influenza virus
In the spring of 2009, a new influenza A H1N1 virus (initially referred to as “swine flu”) was recognized to be causing disease in humans in the United States and Mexico. Since then, cases have been reported from around the world, and the World Health Organization has declared the first influenza pandemic in more than 40 years based upon the virus’ novel antigenic profile and rapid global spread.
The pandemic virus appears to cause clinical disease similar to that caused by seasonal influenza viruses. Most cases are of mild to moderate severity, but serious illness and deaths have occurred, primarily among those with underlying medical conditions, including pregnant women.
Accurately diagnosing patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza infection can help clinicians manage patients and their contacts and can be important for public health purposes.
On July 24, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) to Focus Diagnostics for its real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test intended for the in vitro qualitative detection of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus RNA (the “pandemic flu virus”). Focus Diagnostics is the infectious disease business of Quest Diagnostics. The test is named the Influenza A H1N1 (2009) Real Time RT-PCR and is now available.
Note: The test has not been FDA cleared or approved. This test has been authorized by FDA under an Emergency Use Authorization. This test is only authorized for the duration of the declaration of emergency under section 564(b)(1) of the Act, 21 U.S.C.§ 360bbb-3(b)(1). The declaration of emergency will expire on April 26, 2010, unless it is terminated or revoked sooner or renewed.
Why is H1N1 such a big deal?
H1N1 is considered a pandemic. It is the first influenza pandemic since the Hong Kong flu of 1968. The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus is affecting age groups differently than the seasonal flu, it spread rapidly around the globe, and is causing more hospitalizations and mortality than seasonal influenza in under-65 age groups.
Since it is spread from person-to-person, the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus is transmitted more quickly in confined spaces like schools and offices. In an effort to reduce the threat to your organization, it is important that employees avoid coming to work while the symptoms are present.
What are the symptoms of H1N1?
Symptoms associated with the uncomplicated disease include fever, chills, headache, body aches, fatigue, cough, sore throat, runny nose, shortness of breath, vomiting and diarrhea. Severity ranges from mild to life-threatening.
What can I do to avoid contracting the virus?
Like the seasonal flu, the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus is spread from person-to-person via respiratory droplets, contaminated surfaces, and airborne contact with the virus. Since this is a new strain of influenza virus, the majority of people will have no natural immunity to it.
To counter this fact, vaccinations will be key in preventing the contraction of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Additional measures that should be taken include good personal hygiene (e.g., washing hands), adhere to proper cough etiquette and avoiding contact with individuals who are infected.
What are the benefits of being tested for H1N1?
The test can help clinicians manage patients and evaluate treatment options. Additionally, due to the contagious nature of the virus, individuals who test positive should limit their person-to-person contact. The CDC recommends that people stay home for at least 24 hours after fever is gone, except to seek medical care or for other necessities.
If I test positive for H1N1, what is the treatment?
Detailed information is readily available on the CDC’s website.
If my employees test positive for H1N1, how much work should they expect to miss and when is it safe to return to the office?
The duration of symptoms will vary among individuals. However, to avoid exposing co-workers to the virus, the CDC recommends that people stay home from work for at least 24 hours after fever is gone.